我国搜查制度之重构

搜查是发现证据、查获犯罪人的必不可少的手段,但同时又会对公民的人身自由权、隐私权等诸多基本权利造成侵害,构建搜查制度应兼顾控制犯罪与保障人权、公正与效率的多元价值目标,我国搜查制度存在诸多缺陷,既不利于有效、及时地侦查犯罪,更不能较好地保障人权,应参照法治国家先进作法予以改革和完善.     

诈骗犯罪中被害人过错研究

被害人过错是诈骗犯罪既遂的重要条件。被害人自身素质低、社会风气不正及社会管理上存在漏洞是滋生诈骗犯罪被害人过错的重要原因。减少被害人过错是防控诈骗犯罪的重要措施。为此须健全法律制度,严密社会管理措施,提高社会成员的整体素质,加强社会预警等,才能有效减少诈骗犯罪。     

农村犯罪黑数问题的法律思考

农村社会中存在的犯罪黑数是建设社会主义和谐社会的阻碍因素之一。农村犯罪黑数较高的原因有多种。要降低农村社会的犯罪黑数，必须加强社会主义法治教育，遏制、打击宗族势力在农村的发展，充实农村的警力配置以及消除受害人自身对刑事案件隐匿不报的错误认识。     

贪污罪量刑基准体系的构建及回归分析

根据刑法规定,通过贪污罪的犯罪结果与处刑数量之间的线性关系,把定量分析方法应用于贪污罪的处刑实践,并依此建立了贪污罪的量刑基准体系,以准确确定被告人应当承担刑事责任的数量,以减少司法实践中法官个体之间对贪污罪行为处刑的差异。     

城市外来务工人员犯罪情况的调查报告

城市外来务工人员犯罪案件呈现出八个特点:发案件数与犯罪人数呈逐年递增态势、侵财型犯罪比例居高不下、作案手段暴力化倾向严重、以老乡为纽带的犯罪团伙纠集化趋势明显等等.诱因源于劳资矛盾、盲目攀比、心理歧视感、过客心态等等.应当通过加强教育和管理,提高社会保障待遇,改善民工生存状态等一系列措施,来减少和遏制该类犯罪.     

经济犯罪侦查体制亟待改革

由于经济犯罪的复杂性和侦查工作的易受干扰性 ,使得现有的经济犯罪侦查工作体制受到挑战。“关系网”、“保护伞”的存在 ,使经济犯罪侦查工作面临重重障碍 ;地方保护主义的泛滥 ,使经济犯罪侦查工作的协作配合显得步履维艰 ;利益驱动 ,使经济犯罪的暗数急剧上升 ;打击不力 ,致使经济领域的违法犯罪活动更加猖狂 ;加入WTO后 ,经济全球化 ,变“条块管理 ,以块为主”为“唯条管理”势所必然     

反思帕卡的犯罪控制模式与正当程序模式

美国学者帕卡的犯罪控制模式与正当程序模式对我国的理论研究和立法实践都产生了深远的影响。但帕卡的学说还是有不足之处 :忽视了被害人的存在 ,也没有意识到对犯罪除了运用国家的刑罚权外 ,还有大量的私力救济以及官方的非正式惩罚与预防行为 ;在诉讼模式与具体制度的设计上 ,犯罪控制模式与正当程序模式学说过于强调了二者之间的对抗 ,而没有注意其相互统一和兼容之处。帕卡学说对我国的启示体现在 :学界过于强调了职权主义与当事人主义之间的差异 ,对它们在侦查制度上共同之处的研究失之准确 ;刑事诉讼法的再修改应该以职权主义模式为主 ,适当借鉴英美当事人主义中的合理因素 ;对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人与被害人的利益应该同等尊重 ,保障被害人参与诉讼过程并影响判决结果的权利     

强制猥亵、侮辱妇女罪立法缺陷探微

现行《刑法》第237条第1款关于强制猥亵、侮辱妇女罪的规定,在罪名设置及主观要件上存在缺陷。为贯彻科学立法精神,借鉴国外立法例,建议取消强制侮辱妇女罪罪名和刺激或满足性欲的内心倾向的主观要件要素。     

Schools and the prevention of petty crime: Search for a missing link

Earlier research on the relation between school features and petty crime suggests that schools can intentionally influence the crime rate of the pupils. These findings were the starting point for a Dutch study at secondary schools of the same type in Dutch towns. The study focused on effects on the delinquency of third-year low-stream pupils (aged 15–17). For the study a control theory was formulated, a conditional control theory, which, in contrast to Hirschi's social control theory, recognizes possible delinquent influences of the pupils' network. In the study a strong statistical relation between integration of pupils in school and petty crime was found. However, I found almost no influence of the studied school features on integration and petty crime. These results led to the question whether the real important feature of schools had been neglected in the study. This seems not to be the case. A multilevel analysis shows that it is unlikely that there is major impact of schools on the integration of pupils, on delinquency, or on the relationship between integration and delinquency. This can be the result of special aspects of the Dutch school system and of the neglect of theory in earlier research.     

Gender and Disorder Specific Criminal Career Profiles in Former Adolescent Psychiatric In-Patients

A Norwegian nation-wide sample of 1087 former adolescent psychiatric in-patients, 584 males and 503 females, were followed up 15–33 years after first hospitalization. On the basis of detailed hospital records from index hospitalization all were rediagnosed according to DSM-IV. The patient list was linked to the national criminal register and the diagnostic groups were compared as to gender-specific frequency of registered criminality. Next, the criminal career characteristics were compared in those with criminal records at follow-up, relative to mental disorder at index hospitalization. The prevalence of registered criminality, both overall and for specific types of crimes, differed significantly between diagnostic groups and between genders. In both genders criminal convictions were most frequent in disruptive behavior disorders and personality disorders. Among males, the lowest violent crime rate was observed in those with psychotic disorders. Males had more severe criminal careers than females, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The diagnoses and criminal profiles of the 10 most active criminals in the study sample were described closer, as were the 11 individuals found guilty of homicide.